Rapid Prototyped Transition Fixed Wing VTOL Drone
Team: Mason Bush, Merrill Eggimann, Caleb Miller, Kathle Tischner
Sponsor: AggieAir
Project Description
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Problem:
- Airframe designed from US-sourced components, employing rapid prototyping to produce an inexpensive field ready and capable VTOL fixed wing drone.
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Requirements and Constraints:
- 15-pound gross takeoff weight (GTOW) with 1.5-pound payload capability (AgEagleAltum-PT).
- 60-minute target flight time with 15-25 m/s cruise speed.
- Includes standard AggieAiravionics (Orange Cube, radios, etc.).
- Modular design which allows for field packability, assembly, storage, and repairability.
- US-sourced design which allows for quick and inexpensive manufacturing.
Design Description
- Wing: 3D printed modular sections with an Oratexskin
- Fuselage: 3D printed with a removable skin
- Tail: 3D printed with an OratexSkin
Performance Review
| Requirement / Constraint | Target | Threshold | Predicted Performance | Actual Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Takeoff Weight (lb) | 15 | 55 | 21.826 | 12.6 |
| Supports Payload | - | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Made in USA | - | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Number of Components in Airframe | 6 | 16 | 11 | 7 |
| Hands-on Manufacturing Time (hr) | 8 | 25 | 9.5 | 8 |
| Time to Assemble Completed Airframe (min) | 5 | 15 | 9.1 | 15 |
| Packaging Dimensions (ft3) | 1 | 5 | 2.9 | - |
| Fixed-Wing Flight Time (min) | 60 | 45 | 52.5 | - |
| VTOL Flight Time (min) | 5 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Components Made In-House (%) | 100 | 50 | 76.5 | 100 |
| Airframe Cost ($) | 250 | 1000 | 476.3 | 1300 |
Conclusion
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Requirements Met:
- Includes standard AggieAiravionics (Orange Cube, radios, etc.).
- Modular design which allows for field packability, assembly, storage, and repairability.
- US-sourced design which allows for quick and inexpensive manufacturing.
- 15-pound gross takeoff weight (GTOW) with 1.5-pound payload capability.
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Requirements Unmet:
- 60-minute target flight time with 15-25 m/s cruise speed.
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Lessons Learned:
- Structural Considerations: Importance of wing structure.
- Component Placement: Motor placement greatly affects center of gravity.
- Material Selection: Long sections such as the wing are difficult for 3D prints to support.
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Recommended Future Work:
- Wing Strengthening: Address the torsional forces experienced by the center of the wing.
- Pusher Motor Placement: Move the pusher motor forward.
- Spar Sizing: Use a much larger spar for the VTOL spars.